Therapeutic ultrasound generally refers to any type of ultrasonic procedure that uses ultrasound for therapeutic benefits. These include HIFU, lithotripsy, targeted delivery of ultrasound drugs, delivery of trans-dermal ultrasound drugs, ultrasound hemostasis, cancer therapy, and ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis. This may be using focused ultrasound (FUS) or non-focused ultrasound.
Ultrasound is a method to stimulate tissue beneath the skin surface using high frequency sound waves, between 800,000 Hz and 2,000,000 Hz, which can not be heard by humans.
There is little evidence that active ultrasound is more effective than placebo treatment to treat patients with pain or various musculoskeletal injuries, or to promote soft-tissue healing.
Video Therapeutic ultrasound
Medical use
Relatively high power ultrasound can break stone or tissue piles, speed up the effects of drugs in targeted areas, help the measurement of tissue elastic properties, and can be used to sort cells or small particles for research.
- High-energy focused ultrasound pulses can be used to destroy stones such as kidney stones and gallstones into fragments small enough to pass from the body without undue trouble, a process known as lithotripsy.
- Cleaning teeth in dental hygiene.
- A focused ultrasound source can be used for the treatment of cataracts with phacoemulsification.
- Ultrasound can erode tumors or other tissues in a non-invasive manner. This is achieved by using a technique known as High Focused Focused Ultrasound (HIFU), also called the focus of ultrasound operation (FUS operation). This procedure typically uses a lower frequency than medical diagnostic ultrasound (250-2000 kHz), but a significantly higher mean-time intensity. Treatment is often guided by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); this combination is then referred to as resonance-guided Magnetic Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS).
- Giving chemotherapy to brain cancer cells and various drugs to other tissues is called targeted acoustic drug delivery (ATDD). This procedure generally uses high frequency ultrasound (1-10Ã, MHz) and various intensities (0-20 W/cm 2 ). Acoustic energy is focused on tissues that are interested in moving its matrix and making it more permeable for therapeutic drugs.
- Ultrasound has been used to trigger the release of anti-cancer drugs from the delivery vectors including liposomes, polymer microspheres and self-assembled polymers.
- Ultrasound is essential for sclerotherapy procedures with ultrasound guides and endovenous laser treatments for non-surgical treatment of varicose veins.
- Ultrasound-assisted Lipectomy is Liposuction assisted by ultrasound.
There are three potential effects of ultrasound. The first is an increase in blood flow in the treated area. The second is the decrease in pain from the reduction of swelling and edema. The third is a gentle massage of muscle tendons and/or ligaments in the treated area because no strain is added and scar tissue is softened. These three benefits are achieved by two major effects of therapeutic ultrasound. Both types of effects are: thermal and non thermal effects. The thermal effect is due to the absorption of sound waves. The non-thermal effect comes from cavitation, micro flow and acoustic streaming.
Cavitational effects are generated from the vibrations of the tissues that cause microscopic bubbles to form, which transmit vibrations in a way that directly stimulates cell membranes. This physical stimulation seems to increase the effect of cell repair from the inflammatory response.
The effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasounds for pain, musculoskeletal injury, and soft-tissue lesions remains questionable. A 2017 meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials concluded that there was no benefit of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on bone healing. Related guidelines published in the British Medical Journal recommend the use of ultrasound for bone healing.
Maps Therapeutic ultrasound
History
The first large-scale ultrasound app was around World War II. The Sonar system is being built and used to navigate the submarine. It was realized that the high intensity ultrasound waves they use to heat and kill the fish. This leads to research in tissue warming and healing effects. Since the 1940s, ultrasound has been used by physical and occupational therapists for therapeutic effects.
Physical therapy
Ultrasound is applied using a transducer or applicator that is in direct contact with the patient's skin. Gel is used on all head surfaces to reduce friction and aid in ultrasonic wave transmission. Ultrasound therapy in physical therapy is an alternating compression and smoothness of sound waves with a frequency of 0.7-3.3 MHz. The maximum energy absorption in soft tissue occurs from 2 to 5 cm. Intensity decreases as the waves penetrate deeper. They are absorbed mainly by connective tissue: ligaments, tendons, and fascia (as well as by scar tissue).
The conditions that ultrasound can be used for treatment include the following examples: ligament sprains, muscle strains, tendonitis, joint inflammation, plantar fasciitis, metatarsalgia, facet irritation, impingement syndrome, bursitis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and scarring adhesion.
Research tool
- Acoustic tweezers are emerging tools for unattached separation, concentration and manipulation of microparticles and biological cells, using ultrasound in the low MHz range to form standing waves. It is based on the acoustic radiation force that causes the particles attracted to the node or anti-node of the standing wave depending on the acoustic contrast factor, which is a function of the speed of sound and the density of particles and medium. in which the particle is immersed.
- A focused ultrasonographic application in conjunction with microbubbles has been shown to allow non-invasive epirubicin delivery across the blood-brain barrier in mouse models.
Research
- Using ultrasound to produce cellular effects on soft tissue has failed because studies show a lack of efficacy and a lack of scientific basis for the proposed biophysical effects.
- According to the 2017 meta-analysis and related practice guidelines, low intensity pulsed ultrasound should no longer be used for bone regeneration because high-quality clinical studies fail to demonstrate clinical benefit.
- The additional effects of low-intensity ultrasound can potentially disrupt the blood-brain barrier for drug delivery.
- Transcranial ultrasound is being tested for use in assisting tissue plasminogen activator treatment in stroke patients in a procedure called ultrasound reinforced systemic thrombolysis.
- Ultrasonography has been shown to act synergistically with antibiotics in killing bacteria.
- Ultrasound has been postulated to allow for a thicker eukaryotic cell tissue culture by improving nutrient penetration.
- A long-acting therapeutic ultrasound called sustained acoustic medication is a daily slow-release therapy that can be applied to improve local circulation and theoretically accelerate the healing of the musculoskeletal tissue after injury. However there is some evidence to suggest this may not be effective.
See also
- LILFU
References
External links
- Watson, T. (2006). "Ultrasound Therapy".
- The International Society for Therapeutic Ultrasound
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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