Heel

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The heel is an advantage at the posterior end of the foot. It is based on the projection of one bone, the calcaneal bone or the heel bone, behind the articulation of the lower leg bones.

Video Heel

Struktur anatomi

To distribute the compressive strength given to the heel during gait, and especially the stance stage when the heel contacts the ground, the sole of the foot is covered by a layer of subcutaneous connective tissue up to 2 cm (below the heel). This network has a system of pressure chambers that serve as shock absorber and stabilize the soles. Each of these rooms contains fibrofatty tissue covered by a layer of strong connective tissue made from collagen fibers. This one ("wall") is firmly attached to the plantar aponeurosis above and the skin of the sole of the foot below. The sole of the foot is one of the most high areas of vascularization of the body surface, and the solid vein system further stabilizes the septa.

The Achilles tendon is the triceps surae muscle tendon, the "three-headed" muscle group - the soleus and the two gastrocnemius heads. The main function of the triceps surae is plantar flexion, which is to stretch the legs down. It is accompanied by a "fourth head", a slight plantary muscle, a long, slender tendon that also attaches to the heel bone but is not visible.

Maps Heel

Function

The force applied to the foot is distributed along five rays, three medials (the big toe) and two lateral (the side of the little finger). The lateral rays extend over the cuboid bone to the heel bone and the medial rays over the three pointed bones and the navicular bone to the ankle bone. Because the ankle bone is placed over the heel bone, it is close to the toes but overrides the heel, and together they form an optimized foot arch to distribute compression forces in uneven terrain. In this context, the heel forms a posterior support point that together with large balls and small toes bear the load.

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Cracked heel

Broken heel is a common health problem and can cause infection. This is caused by dryness of the skin of the foot, and the buildup of dead skin. Over time can cause pain and irritation. A variety of moisturizing creams and foot files are available to heal and prevent it.

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Other animals

In long-legged mammals, both the nailed species (unguligrade) and the claw form that runs on the toes (digitigrade), the heel is far above the ground at the top of the corner joint known as the hock. In plantigrade species it rests on the ground. In birds, the heel is a back-pointed joint that is often mistaken as a "knee" (the knee is actually a bird hidden beneath the fur).

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See also

• Achilles' heel metaphor for weakness
• Heel of Italy, SE (after position in 'boot')
• Foot balls
• Calcaneal spurs the heel-bone
• Hard Skin Callus that can cause painful cracks in the heels and soles of the feet
• Disturbance of plantar fasciitis "police heel"
• High-heeled footwear
• The squat position

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Note

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References

• Thieme Atlas of Anatomy: General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System . Thieme. 2006. ISBNÃ, 1-58890-419-9.

Source of the article : Wikipedia