A a child's bone fracture or a pediatric fracture is a medical condition in which a child's bone (person younger than age 18) is fractured or broken. Approximately 15% of all injuries in children are fracture injuries. Bone fractures in children differ from adult bone fractures because the child's bones are still growing. Also, more consideration needs to be taken when a child fractures as it will affect the child in his growth.
Video Child bone fracture
How fractures occur
On the bones every day the bones will support the different kinds of forces that naturally apply to them, but when the strength is too strong the bones will break. For example, when a teenager jumps off a trampoline and lands on his feet, the bone and connective tissue at the teen's feet will usually absorb the force, flex, and then return to his original form. However, if teen soil and strength are too strong, bones and connective tissue will not be able to support the style and will break.
Maps Child bone fracture
Difference between child and adult bones
There is a difference in the bone structure of a child and an adult. This difference is important for proper evaluation and treatment of fractures. Children's bones recover faster than adults because stronger, more active, periosteum solid membranes cover the surface of their bones. Periosteum has blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to bone cells. The stronger and thicker periosteum in children leads to better supply of oxygen and nutrients to the bones, and this helps in remodeling bone cracks by supplying. Periosteum in children causes faster bone fractures and increased remodeling potential. A child's fracture not only heals faster, but is significantly reduced due to the thickness and strength of the child's periosteum. But this thickness also has flaws; when there is a small displacement in the periosteum, its thickness and strength will make the fracture in the periosteum difficult to diagnose.
Plat growth
The growth plate is the area in the bone where the bone grows. In children the open growth plates, which help manage child fractures.
The type of fracture differs depending on the age and sex of the child. Bone changes over time cause differences in patterns and number of fracture injuries. The probability of fractures in children increases with age. For young children, the injury is likely to be minimal because the child does not have the speed or mass to cause serious injury. As age increases, so does mass and speed lead to more serious fractures. The age when girls are usually fractures is twelve and for boys the age is fourteen. Also, girls have statistically fewer fractures than boys. About half of boys and a quarter of women tend to experience fractures during childhood. The wrist is also the most likely part of the body to be injured. As exercise activity increases, fractures in children also increase, especially for boys who participate in wrestling or football. Just like the type of bone at various stages of varied childhood, so broken bone injuries in infants, children, and adolescents vary. Careful evaluation is required for the best care of every child.
Different types of fractures
The bones of the child are more likely to bend rather than break completely because they are softer and the periosteum is stronger and thicker. The most common fractures in children are incomplete fractures; This fracture is a greenstick fracture and a torso or buckle.
Greenstick Fracture
This fracture involves bends on one side of the bone and a partial fracture on the other. Its name is by analogy with green wood (ie, fresh) which is also broken on the outside when bent. The cortical bone nerve sub-structure may provide a possible explanation for greenstick fractures in children. In contrast to adult bone tissue, a low ratio between maturity and an immature enzymatic cross link in the bone tissue of children is a potential explanation of the presence of greenstick fractures in children.
Torus or buckle fracture
This fracture occurs in a metaphysical location and resembles a torus or a pillar base in architectural terms. Acute angulation of the cortex is recorded, as opposed to the usual curved surface.
Less common fracture (full fracture) is
Closed fracture
Fractures that do not penetrate the skin.
Open (composite) fracture
Fractures that cause the ends of bone to penetrate the skin (this raises the risk of infection).
Non-displaced fractures
Fracture in which the bone is completely cracked and the pieces are lined up.
Missing fracture
Fracture in which the bone is cracked completely in two or more pieces, and the pieces move out of alignment (this type of fracture may require surgery to make sure the pieces are aligned before the casting).
More common fractures
Hairline fracture
Fracture is not perfect (a thin crack in the bone that does not penetrate the bone.)
Single fracture
His bones are cracked in only one place.
Segmental fractures
Fractures in two or more places on the same bone.
Comminutive fracture
Bone fractures in more than two places or crumble to pieces.
Corner fracture or bucket-handle
A corner fracture or bucket-handle fracture is a fragmentation of the distal end of one or both femurs, with loose pieces appearing at the edges of the bone as osseous density aligning the metaphysical.. The term
Symptoms of bone fractures
Although symptoms vary greatly after fractures, the most common fracture symptoms include:
- pain in the fracture area
- swelling in the fracture area
- obvious abnormality in the fracture area
- can not use or move normally cracked area
- bruises, warmth, or redness in the fracture area
Children at higher risk of fracture
Low bone mineral content
Children with common disorders such as kidney disease, cystic fibrosis, diabetes mellitus, growth hormone deficiency, and risky osteogenesis imperfecta disorders. Neuromuscular disorders: children with cerebral palsy, spina bifida, and arthrogryposis, have a higher risk of fracture due to a combination of joint stiffness and poor mineralization.
Personality fractures
Children are generally at greater risk because of their high level of activity. Children who are vulnerable to risk are at greater risk.
Child abuse
More than 2.5 million cases of child abuse and negligence are reported annually, and thirty-five out of every hundred cases are physical harassment cases. Bone fractures are sometimes part of children's physical abuse; knowing the symptoms of fractures in physical violence and recognizing the real risks in physical violence will help continue prevention of future abuse and injury. Surprisingly, this abuse is cracked, if not handled properly, has the potential to cause child death. Fracture patterns in fracture abuse are very common with fracture abuse in the growing portion of long bones (between the shaft and the separate part of the bone), fractures of the humeri shaft (long bones between the shoulder and elbow), the ribs, the scapula, the outer end of the clavicle, and the vertebrae. Multiple fractures of various ages, bilateral fractures, and complex skull fractures are also associated with abuse. Fractures of various ages occur in about thirteen percent of all cases.
Treatment
When a child has a broken bone, he or she will feel ill and will not be able to easily move the cracked area. Doctors or emergency care should be contacted immediately. In some cases even if the child will not feel ill and still be able to move, medical assistance should be sought immediately. To reduce the pain, bleeding, and movement of a doctor will place a splint on a cracked area. Treatment for fractures follows a simple rule: the bones must be aligned properly and prevented from coming out until the bone is healed. The specific treatment applied depends on how severe the fracture is, if the fracture is open or closed, and the specific bone involved in the fracture (hip fracture is treated differently from the forearm fracture for example) Different treatments for different fractures: General treatments for general fractures are as follows :
Immobilize
Since most of the fractures manage to heal after repositioning, a simple fiberglass cast or plaster is usually used.
Functional player or brace
A cast, or brace, which allows limited movement of the nearest joint is acceptable for multiple fractures.
Traction
This treatment consists of aligning the bones or bones with a gentle and steady pulling motion. Withdrawals can be transmitted to bone or bone by metal pins through bone or with leather bands. This is the initial treatment used for the preparation of other secondary treatments.
Open deduction and internal fixation
This treatment is only used when an orthopedic surgeon assigns it to restore the cracked bone to its original function. This method positions the bone to the right location, but there is a risk for infection and other complications. This procedure involves orthopedists who perform surgery on the bone to align bone fragments, followed by the placement of special screws or metal plates onto the outer surface of the bone. The fragments can also be incorporated by running metal rods through the marrow at the center of the bone.
External fixation
This treatment also requires surgery by orthopedists. Pin or screw is placed into the cracked bone above and below the fracture site. Orthopedic surgeons reposition bone fragments and pins or screws connected to metal rods or bars outside the skin that hold the bones in the right position so they can be cured. The external fixation device is removed after the appropriate time period.
Medication
It's for pain.
Prognosis
Fractures in children generally heal relatively quickly, but it may take several weeks to heal. Most of the growth plate fractures heal without lasting effect. Rarely, bone bridging can form throughout the growth plate, causing growth to be inhibited and/or curved. In such cases, bridging bones may need to be surgically removed. Fracture of growth plates can also stimulate growth, causing longer bones than the corresponding bone on the other side. Therefore, the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons recommend routine follow-up at least one year after the growth plate fracture.
References
Further reading
- Staheli, Lynn, Pediatric Orthopedic Practice Second Edition.Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & amp; Wilkins, 2006.
- Staheli, Lynn, The Basics of Third Edition Pediatric Orthopedics. Pennsylvania: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2003.
- Hilt, Nancy E and E. William Schmitt, Jr., Pediatric Orthopedic Nursing. Missouri: The C.V. Company Mosby, 1975
- Broken Bones in Children Information about fractures in young patients By Jonathan Cluett, MD, About.com Updated: August 29, 2005 Retrieved Sep. 2008 & lt; http://orthopedics.about.com/od/fracturesinchildren/Information_About_Fractures_In_Children.html>
- What Is Bone Fracture and How It Is Handled? www.kidsgrowth.com. October 24, 2008. Accessed October 2008 & lt; http://www.kidsgrowth.com/resources/articledetail.cfm? Id = 1504 & gt;
- My Child Has: Fraktur, anak hospital.com, Children's Hospital Boston. Retrieved October 2008 & lt; http://www.childrenshospital.org/az/Site927/mainpageS927P0.html>
- Broken Bones, kidshealth.org, Reviewed by: Peter G. Gabos, MD Review Date: April 2008. Retrieved Sep. 2008 & lt; http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/aches/broken_bones.html>
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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