The bottle nose dolphin , the genus Tursiops , is the most common member of the Delphinidae family, the marine dolphin family. Molecular studies show that this genus contains three species: common bottle nose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ), Indo-Pacific bottle nose dolphins ( Tursiops aduncus ), and dolphins Burrunan ( Tursiops australis ). Bottle nose dolphins occupy a warm and temperate sea around the world, found everywhere except for the Arctic and Antarctic Circuit areas.
Bottlenose dolphins live in groups. They live in warm seas and tropical seas. Numerous bottlenose bottlenecks have been investigated, examining mimicry, use of artificial language, object categorization, and self-knowledge. They can use the tools (sponging) and transmit cultural knowledge from generation to generation, and their sufficient intelligence has encouraged interaction with humans. Bottlenose Dolphins are gaining popularity from aquarium shows and television programs such as Flipper . They are also trained by the military to search for sea mines or detect and mark enemy divers. In some areas, they work with local fishermen by riding fish into their nets and eating runaway fish. Some encounters with humans are dangerous to dolphins: people hunt them for food, and dolphins are killed by accident as a side catchment of tuna fishing and by getting trapped in a crab trap.
The deepest ever recorded dose for bottle nose dolphins is 300 meters (990 ft). This was done by Tuffy, a dolphin trained by the US Navy.
Nellie, the longest-covered bottle dolphin in the Atlantic in human care, died at the age of 61 on April 30, 2014. Nellie was born on February 27, 1953 in Marineland.
Bottlenose dolphins have the second largest encephalization rate of Earth mammals (humans have the largest), share close ratios with humans and other great apes, which are likely to contribute to their very high emotional intelligence and intelligence.
Video Bottlenose dolphin
Taxonomy
Scientists have long realized that Dolphin's Turboops may consist of more than one species. Molecular genetics allows for much greater insight into this previously difficult problem. The IUCN recognizes two species, although different third species are described in 2011: common bottlenose nose dolphins ( T. truncatus ) are found in most temperate tropical oceans, and have a gray, with shade of gray varying among the population, but can be grayish-gray, gray-brown, or even almost black, and often darker on the back from the rostrum to the back of the dorsal fin; Black Sea bottlenose dolphins ( T. ponticus ), subspecies of T. truncatus live on the Black Sea; Pacific bottle dolphins ( T. gillii or T. gillii ), another subspecies of T. truncatus , live in the Pacific, and have a line black from eye to forehead; Indo-pacific nose dolphins ( T. aduncus ) live in waters around India, northern Australia, southern China, the Red Sea and the east coast of Africa, with backs to dark gray and stomach light gray or almost white with gray spots; Burrunan dolphins ( T. australis ), found in the Port Phillip and Gippsland Lakes area of ​​Victoria, Australia, were described in September 2011 after research showed that it was different from T. truncatus and T. aduncus , but is not considered a separate species by IUCN.
Two common bottlenose dolphin ecotypes in the western part of the North Atlantic are represented by shallower waters or coastal ecosystems and offshore ecotypes. Their ranges overlap, but they have been proven to be genetically distinct. They are not currently described, however, as separate species or subspecies. In general, genetic variation between populations is significant, even among nearby populations. As a result of these genetic variations, other distinct species are currently considered the general population of bottlenose dolphins as possible.
Old scientific data does not distinguish between two species, making it useless to determine the structural differences between the two. The IUCN lists both species as data deficiencies on their Red List of endangered species due to this problem.
Some recent genetic evidence suggests that the Indo-Pacific bottle belongs to the genus Stenella , because it is more like Atlantic spotted dolphins ( Stenella frontalis ) than a common bottle.
Hybrids
Bottlenose nose dolphins have been known for hybridization with other dolphin species. Hybrids with Risso dolphins occur both in the wild and in captivity. The most famous is wolphin, a false killer bottle nose hybrid dolphin. Wolphin is fertile, and two currently live in Sea Life Park in Hawaii. The first was born in 1985 with a bottle of women. Wolphins also exist in the wild. In captivity, dolphin nose dolphins and rough dolphins are hybridized teeth. Dolphin-bottlenose dolphin dolphins are commonly born in captive life in SeaWorld California. Other hybrids live in captivity all over the world and in the wild, like bottlenose nose dolphins - the Atlantic that sees hybrid dolphins.
Fossil species
Bottlenose dolphins appear during Miocene. Known fossil species include Tursiops osennae (late Miocene to early Pliocene) from the Piacenzian coastal mud, and Miocene Turocaops mioctus (Miocene) from Burdigalian sea sandstone, all in Italy.
Maps Bottlenose dolphin
Description
Bottlenose dolphins have an average weight of 660 pounds. It can reach a length of more than 13 feet. The color is usually dark gray on the back and gray is brighter on the sides. Older dolphins sometimes have multiple dots.
Bottlenose dolphins can live for more than 40 years. Women typically live 5-10 years longer than men, with some women over 60 years old. This extreme age is scarce and less than 2% of all bottlenose dolphins will live for more than 60 years. Dolphin dolphins can jump as high as 6 meters (20 feet) in the air; they use this to communicate with each other.
Anatomy
Its long, long, lower mouth forms what is called a pulpit, or muzzle, which gives its animal a common name. A real and functional nose is a burst pit over its head; the nasal septum is visible when the blowhole is open.
Bottlenose nose dolphins have 18 to 28 conical teeth on each side of the jaw.
Flux (lobe tail) and dorsal fin are formed from solid connective tissue and do not contain bone or muscle. Dorsal fins usually show phenotypic variations that help distinguish between populations. The animal pushes itself by moving the worms up and down. The pectoral fin (on the side of the body) is for the wheel; they contain homologous bones to the forelimbs of terrestrial mammals. The bottle nose dolphins found in Japan have two additional pectoral fins, or "rear legs", on the tail, the size of a pair of human hands. Scientists believe that mutations cause ancient properties to assert themselves as forms of atavism.
Physiology and senses
In the colder waters, they have more fat and blood, and are better suited for deeper diving. Usually, 18% -20% of their body weight is fat. Much of the research in this field has been restricted to the North Atlantic Ocean. Bottlenose dolphins typically swim at 5 to 11 km/h (1.4 to 3.1 m/sec), but are capable of spraying up to 29 to 35 km/h (8.1 to 9.7 m/sec). Higher speeds can only be maintained for a short time.
Sense
The search for dolphins for food is aided by a sonar form known as echolocation: it places objects by producing sound and listening to echoes. The broadband bursts of clicks are emitted in a focused beam in front of the dolphins. When the click clicks hit an object in the water, like a fish or a rock, they bounce off and return to the dolphins as an echo. Echolocation tells the dolphins the shape, size, speed, distance, and location of the object. To hear the echoes again, they have two small earholes behind the eyes, but most sound waves are transmitted to the inner ear through the lower jaw. When the object of interest is approached, the echoes become booming, and the dolphins adjust by reducing the intensity of the transmitted sound. (This contrasts with bats and sonars, which reduces the sensitivity of voice receptors.) Interclick intervals also decrease as animals approach the target. Evidently, dolphins wait for an echo every click before clicking again. Details of echolocation, such as signal strength, spectral quality, and discrimination, are well understood by researchers. Bottlenose nose dolphins can also extract form information, suggesting they are capable of forming "echo images" or their target sound images.
The dolphins have sharp eyesight. The eye lies on the side of the head and has a tapetum lucidum, or reflecting membrane, on the back of the retina, which helps vision in dim light. Their horseshoe-shaped pupils, double-slit allow dolphins to have good eyesight both in the air and underwater, although the refractive indexes are different from these media. When underwater, the eyeball lens serves to focus light, while in the environment in the air, usually bright light serves to contract a special student, resulting in sharpness from smaller holes (similar to pinhole cameras).
Instead, the sense of smell of the bottle is very bad, because the blowhole, analogous to the nose, is covered when under water and is only open to breathe. It has no olfactory nerves or olfactory lobes in the brain. Bottlenose nose dolphins can detect salty, sweet, bitter (quinine sulphate), and acids (citric acid), but this has not been well studied. Anecdotally, some individuals in captivity have been noted to have a preference for this type of fish food, although it is unclear whether the sense of mediating this preference.
Communications
Bottle nose dolphins communicate through sounds, whistles, and vibrating body language. Examples of body language include jumping out of the water, breaking the jaw, slapping the tail on the surface and swaying the head. Voice and movement helps track down other dolphins in groups, and warn other dolphins for dangers and food nearby. Lack of vocal cords, they produce sounds using six airbags near their blowholes. Each animal has unique unique signature identification, frequency-modulated signature (whistle sign).
Researchers from the Bottlenose Dolphin Research Institute (BDRI), based in Sardinia (Italy) have now shown the whistling and pulsating sounds are vital to the social life of animals and reflect their behavior.
Tonal whistle sounds (most melodious) allow dolphins to keep in touch with each other (especially, mother and child), and to coordinate hunting strategies. Explosive-throbbing sounds (more complex and varied than whistles) are used "to avoid physical aggression in high-excitement situations", such as when they compete for the same food section, for example. Dolphins emit a loud noise in front of others moving toward the same prey. The "least dominant" immediately moves away to avoid confrontation.
Other communications use about 30 distinguishable sounds, and although prominently proposed by John Lilly in the 1950s, no "dolphin" was found. However, Herman, Richards, and Wolz demonstrated an artificial language understanding by two bottlenose dolphins (named Akeakamai and Phoenix) in a period of skepticism over animal language after Herbert Terrace criticism.
Intelligence
Cognition
Cognitive abilities that have been investigated include concept formation, sensory skills, and mental representation. This kind of research has been going on since the 1970s. These include: Acoustic and behavioral mimicry, Understanding novel sequences in artificial language, Memory, Self-monitoring behavior, Discrimination and matching, Understanding symbols for different parts of the body, Understanding movements and pointing gazes (such as those made by dolphins or humans), Mirrors self-knowledge, and numerical values.
Use and tool culture
At least some wild bottle nose dolphins use tools. In Shark Bay, dolphins place sea sponges in their pulpits, presumably to protect them while searching for food on the sandy seafloor. This was only observed in this bay (first in 1997), and mostly practiced by women. Sea Otters are the only users of other known marine mammal tools. A 2005 study showed that mothers are likely to teach these behaviors to their offspring, different cultures (behaviors learned from members of other species).
The provision of foam is a feeding technique performed by a small community of bottlenose dolphins over shallow seagrass beds (less than 1 m) in Florida Keys in the United States. This behavior involves the creation of a U-shaped mud clump in the water column and then rushing through the lump to catch the fish.
Along the coast and tidal swamps of South Carolina and Georgia in the United States, cooperative bottlenose dolphins drive fish prey to steep and sandy edges in a practice known as "strands of eating." Groups between two and six dolphins are regularly observed creating bow waves to force the fish out of the water. The dolphins followed the fish, retreating for a while, eating their prey before turning their bodies back and forth to slide back into the water.
Some Mauritanian dolphins work together with human fishermen. Dolphins rode a fish school to the beach, where humans waited with nets. In the confusion of putting up the net, dolphins catch large quantities of fish as well. Co-operative fortraceptive fortraspecies have also been observed. This behavior can also be transmitted through teaching. Controversially, Rendell and Whitehead have proposed structures to study cetacean cultures. A similar case has been observed in Laguna, Santa Catarina in Brazil since the 19th century as well.
Near Adelaide, in South Australia, three bottle nose dolphins', where they lift their upper bodies vertically out of the water, and propel themselves along the surface with a powerful tail movement. Tail-walking mostly comes through human training in dolphinaria. In the 1980s, a woman from a local resident was kept in local dolphins for three weeks, and the scientist suggested she copy the tail walking behavior of the other dolphins. Two other wild adult dolphins now have copied it from him.
A study conducted by the University of Chicago showed that bottlenose dolphins can remember the whistles of other dolphins they experience after 20 years apart. Each dolphin has a unique whistle that functions like a name, allowing marine mammals to maintain close social ties. New research shows that the dolphins have the longest memories that have not been known in other species other than humans.
Cortical neuron
Some researchers theorize mammalian intelligence to correlate with the number of nerve cells (neurons) in the cerebral cortex. The neocortical number of neurons of bottlenose dolphins is unknown. However, the species with the highest number of neocortical neurons known to date is the long-finned pilot whale.
CVs
Respiration and sleep
Bottlenose nose dolphins have a single blowhole located on the dorsal surface of the head consisting of holes and muscle flaps. The flap is closed during muscle relaxation and is open during contraction. The dolphins are a voluntary breath, which must deliberately bring up and open their blowhole to get the air. They can store almost twice as much oxygen in the proportion of their body weight as humans can: dolphins can store 36 milliliters (ml) of oxygen per kg of body weight, compared with 20 ml per kg for humans. This is an adaptation for diving. Bottlenose nose dolphins usually rise to the surface to breathe through the blowholes two to three times per minute, although it can remain submerged for up to 20 minutes.
Dolphins can breathe when "half asleep". During the sleep cycle, one hemisphere remains active, while the other half is dead. The hemisphere actively handles surface and breathing behavior. The daily sleep cycle lasts for about 8 hours, in a few minutes to several hours. During the sleep cycle, they remain near the surface, swim slowly or "cut down trees", and occasionally close one eye.
Reproduction
Both sexes have a genital slit in the lower part of their body. The man can pull back and hide his penis through the gap. The female gap covers the vagina and anus. The woman has two mammary slits, one nipple each housing, one on each side of the genital slit. The ability to store their reproductive organs (especially in men) allows for maximum hydrodynamics. The mating season produces significant physiological changes in men. At that time, the testes enlarged, allowing them to hold more sperm. A large number of sperm allow the male to clean the sperm of the previous applicant, while leaving a part of himself for fertilization. Also, sperm concentrations increase significantly. Having fewer sperm for a social marriage out of season means it spends less. This shows the production of sperm is very expensive. Men have large testicles in relation to their body size.
During the breeding season, men compete to gain access to females. Such a competition can either be a battle against another male or shepherding a female to prevent access by another male. In Shark Bay, male bottle nose dolphins have been observed working in pairs or larger groups to follow and/or limit the movement of a woman for weeks at a time, waiting for her to become sexually accepted. This coalition, also known as the male reproduction alliance, will fight with another coalition to control women.
Marriage occurs to the stomach belly. Dolphins have been observed involved in relationships when females are not in their estrus cycles and can not produce young, suggesting they can mate for pleasure. Period of pregnancy averaging 12 months. Births can occur at any time of the year, although the peak occurs in warmer months. The young are born in shallow water, sometimes assisted by a "midwife" (probably male), and usually only one calf is born. Twins are possible, but rarely. The newborn nostril dolphins are 0.8-1.4 m (2.6-4.6 m) and weigh 9 to 30 kg (20 to 66 pounds), with an Indo-Pacific nose dolphin baby generally smaller than common nose bottle dolphins. To speed up breastfeeding, the mother can remove milk from the milk glands. The calves suckle for 18 months to 8 years, and continue to have close relationships with their mothers for several years after weaning. Adult women are sexually aged 5-13, men at the age of 9-14. Females reproduce every two to six years. Georgetown University professor Janet Mann argues that strong personal behavior among calves is about bonding and benefiting species in the context of evolution. He cites research that shows these dolphins as adults inseparable, and that the protection of early bond help, as well as in finding females.
Social interactions
Adult males live alone or in groups of two or three people, and join the pods for a short time. Adult females and young dolphins usually live in groups of up to 15. However, they live in a community of fusions of different sizes of groups, in which individuals change associations, often daily or hourly. Group composition is usually determined by sex, age, reproductive condition, family relationships and affiliation history. In a dolphin community near Sarasota, Florida, the most common type of group is the adult females with their recent offspring, the older subgroups of both sexes and men either alone or in bonded pairs. Smaller groups may join to form groups greater than 100 or more, and sometimes exceed 1,000. The social strategies of marine mammals such as bottlenose dolphins "provide an interesting parallel" with the social strategies of elephants and chimpanzees.
Bottlenose dolphins studied by the Bottlenose Dolphin Research Institute researchers off the coast of Sardinia show random social behavior while eating, and their social behavior is not dependent on eating. In Sardinia, the presence of a floating marine fin fish farm has been attributed to changes in the distribution of bottle dolphins due to the high density of fishes around the floating cages in agricultural areas.
Ecology
Feed
Fish is one of the main items in the dolphin diet. They also eat shrimp, squid, molluscs, and squid, and just swallow the soft part. They eat 22 pounds of fish a day. When they find a flock of fish, they work as a team to lead them to shore to maximize the harvest. They also hunt themselves, often targeting the species that live below. Bottlenose nose dolphins sometimes hit fish by coincidence, sometimes dropping them out of the water, using a strategy called "fish whack". The "strand of eating", is an inherited feeding technique used by bottlenose dolphins near and around the coastal regions of Georgia and South Carolina. When a pod finds a fish school, they will surround the school and trap the fish in a mini whirlpool. Then, the dolphins will fill in the school and push their bodies up the mud, forcing the fish in the mud-flat, too. The dolphins then crawl on their sides, eating the fish they wash on the beach.
One type of eating behavior seen in bottlenose dolphins is eating mud rings.
Bottlenose nose dolphins conflict with small-scale commercial coastal fisheries in some Mediterranean regions. Common bottlenose dolphins may be attracted to fishing nets as they offer a concentrated source of food.
Relationship with other species
Dolphins can show altruistic behavior towards other sea creatures. At Mahia Beach, New Zealand, on March 10, 2008, two stunted sperm whales, females and calves, were stranded on the beach. Rescuers, including Conservation Department officer Malcolm Smith, tried to repeat it four times. Soon, cute bottle nose dolphins known locally when Moko came and, after apparently speaking to the whales, took them 200 m (660 ft) along the sand dune to the open sea, saving them from the euthanasia that was imminent.
Bottlenose nose dolphins can behave aggressively. Men fight for rank and access to women. During the mating season, men compete vigorously with each other through the look of toughness and size, with a series of actions, such as beheading. They show aggression against sharks and smaller species of dolphins. At least one population, outside Scotland, has committed infanticide, and has also attacked and killed port cruises. University of Aberdeen researchers say dolphins do not eat their victims, but only compete for food. However, Dr. Read from Duke University, a porpoise expert who investigated a similar case of porpoise murders that occurred in Virginia in 1996 and 1997, has a different view. He declared dolphins and dolphins feeding on various types of fish, so food competition is an impossible cause of murder. Similar behavior has been observed in Ireland. In the first half of July 2014, four attacks with three fatalities of Porpoise were observed and captured on video by Cardigan Bay Marine Wildlife Center in Cardigan Bay.
Bottle nose dolphins sometimes form a mixed species group with other species of dolphin family, especially larger species, such as short finned pilot whales, fake killer whales and Risso dolphins. They also interact with smaller species, such as Atlantic-marked dolphins and rough-necked dolphins. While interactions with smaller species are sometimes affiliated, they can also be hostile.
Predator
Some species of large sharks, such as tiger sharks, blackish sharks, large white sharks and bull sharks, prey on bottlenose dolphins, especially calves. Bottlenose nose dolphins are able to defend themselves by charging predators; The behavior of dolphins 'sharks' can sometimes be fatal to sharks. Targeting single adult dolphins can be dangerous for sharks of the same size. Killer whale populations in New Zealand and Peru have been observed feeding on bottlenose dolphins, but this seems rare, and other orcas may swim with dolphins. Swimming in pods allows dolphins to better defend themselves against predators. The bottle dolphins either use complex evasive strategies to outperform their predators, or mobbing techniques to annihilate predators to death or force them to escape.
Relationships with humans
Like humans, dolphins are mammals. They breathe in the air and are warm-blooded and give birth to a young life. They sleep at night and are active during the day. Dolphins sleep with one eye closed. Bottles - the nose of a dolphin is the most famous species. Its short beak gives an expression that looks like a smile. Dolphins breathe air once or twice a minute. A dolphin breathes through a blowhole at the top of his head. Most types of dolphins have many teeth. Some have more than 200. They use their teeth to catch their prey.
Interactions
This species sometimes shows curiosity towards humans in or near water. Occasionally, they rescue the wounded divers by lifting them to the surface. They also do this to help the wounded members of their own species. In November 2004, dramatic reports of dolphin intervention came from New Zealand. Four guardians, swimming 100 m (330 ft) off the coast near Whangarei, approached by sharks (reported big white sharks). The bottlenose dolphins drove the swimmers together and surrounded them for 40 minutes, preventing the sharks from attacking, as they slowly swam to shore.
In coastal areas, dolphins are at risk of crashing into ships. The researcher of the Dolphin Research Institute of Bottlenose first measured data on the behavior of solitary bottlenose dolphins in the presence and absence of boats. Dolphins are responding to more tourists than fishing vessels. Driving behavior, speed, type of engine and spacing all affect the safety of the dolphins.
However, dolphins in these areas can also co-exist with humans. For example, in the town of Laguna in southern Brazil, a group of bottlenose dolphins live in the estuary, and some of its members work with humans. The dolphins that work together are individually acknowledged by local fishermen, who named them. The fishermen usually stand with their knees in shallow water or sit in the canoe, waiting for the dolphins. Occasionally, one or more dolphins appear, pushing the fish toward the fisherman's line. One dolphin then displays a unique body movement outside the water, which serves as a signal for fishermen to throw their nets (the whole sequence is shown here, and a detailed description of signal characteristics is available here). In this unique form of cooperation, dolphins benefit because the fish lose direction and because fish can not escape into shallow waters where larger dolphins can not swim. Likewise, research shows that fishermen who scatter their nets follow a unique signal catching more fish than when fishing alone, without the help of dolphins. Dolphins are not trained for this behavior; collaboration began before 1847. Similar cooperative fisheries exist in Mauritania, Africa.
Companies and commercial 'dolphin encounter' tours operate in many countries. The Cove documentary The Documentary documented how dolphins were caught and sold to some of these companies (especially in Asia) while the remaining pods were slaughtered. In addition to such efforts, individuals swim with surfers and surfers near the shore. Bottlenose dolphins perform in many aquariums, resulting in controversy. Certain animal welfare activists and scientists claim that dolphins do not have enough space or receive adequate care or stimulation. However, others, especially SeaWorld (backed by different scientists), fight that dolphins are treated properly, have a lot of environmental stimuli and enjoy interacting with humans.
The eight dolphins living at the Marine Life Aquarium in Gulfport, Mississippi drift from their aquarium pool during Hurricane Katrina. They were later found and returned to captivity from the Gulf of Mexico.
The United States and Russia military trained bottlenose dolphins as military dolphins for wartime duties, such as finding marine mines and detecting enemy divers. The US Program is the US Mammal Marine Navy Program, located in San Diego.
TiÃÆ'Â £ o is a famous female Dolphin Bottlenose which was first discovered in the town of SÃÆ'Â £ SebastiÃÆ'Â £ o in Brazil circa 1994 and often allows humans to interact with it. Dolphins became famous for killing swimmers and wounding many others, who later made it a dubbing dolphin nickname.
Cultural influence
The popular Flipper television show, made by Ivan Tors, portrays bottlenose dolphins in a friendly relationship with two boys, Sandy and Bud. A seahorse, Flipper understands English and is a hero: "Tell Dad, we're in trouble, Flipper! Quick!" The event theme song contains the lyrics "nothing you see/smarter than him". The television show was based on the 1963 film, and was recreated as a movie in 1996, starring Elijah Wood and Paul Hogan, as well as a second TV series running from 1995 to 2000, starring Jessica Alba.
Other television shows by bottle nose dolphins include Wonder Woman , Highway to Heaven , Dolphin Cove , seaQuest DSV , and The Penguin of Madagascar, where dolphins, Doctor Blowhole, are criminals. In the movie HBO Zeus and Roxanne , the female bottle nose dolphins are friends with the dog, and at the The Bermuda Triangle Secrets (film Ian Toynton 1996), a girl named Annie (played by Lisa Jakub) swimming with dolphins. Human and dolphin interaction segments were shot at locations in the Florida Keys with the Dolphin Research Center as seen on the episode of Halloween The Simpsons , Treehouse of Horror XI.
Dolphin Tale, directed by Charles Martin Smith, starring Nathan Gamble, Ashley Judd, Harry Connick Jr., Morgan Freeman, Cozi Zuehlsdorff and Kris Dayanti, based on the real-life story of the Winter Dolphin, which was rescued from a crab trap in December 2005 and lost his tail, but has learned to swim with fake ones. Dolphin Tale 2 , the 2011 movie sequel, featuring dolphins named Hope and other appearances from Bethany Hamilton. The sequel was released on September 12, 2014.
Bottle nose dolphins have appeared in the novel. In The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy and one of its sequels, So Long, and Thanks For All the Fish, dolphins try to warn people of the destruction that will happen on Earth , but their behavior is misinterpreted as a fun acrobat. Bottlenose dolphins are central to a series of Uplift Universe novels by David Brin, especially the "Startide Rising", in which they are one of four Earth species (along with chimpanzees, gorillas, and dogs) 'lifted' to the ability to feel. Bottlenose dolphins are the main characters in Anne McCaffrey's series of Dragonriders of Pern, especially The Dolphins of Pern. Bottled nose dolphins are mentioned in various Star Trek novels and other materials serving as navigation specialists on board the various spacewalks of the Federation.
Bottle dolphins have been featured in video games, including in the title role of the Ecco the Dolphin science fiction video game series. Delphineus, the bottle nose dolphin, appears in the PC adventure game EcoQuest: The Search for Cetus . Delphineus assists the character of the player (a human boy named Adam) finds a "sea king" Cetus (sperm whale). Delphineus also helped Adam cleanse the marine environment in which he lived.
T.D., Miami Dolphins mascot, using bottlenose bottlenose dolphins and his team logo.
Factual descriptions of dolphins date back to ancient times - the writings of Aristotle, Oppian and Pliny the Elder all mention species.
Threat
Habitat of dolphins is being threatened by hunters in Japan and Sri Lanka. They kill thousands of people every year. They are hunted for their meat oil from their bodies that are used as lubricants. Millions of dolphins drown in fish nets. Tuna fishing crews are the ones most responsible for the greatest number of deaths. In 1972, the US government passed a law limiting the number of dolphins that could be killed annually by tuna fishermen. Dolphins in the UK have also been found to contain high levels of pollutants in their tissues. Heavy metals include mercury, PCB, and DDT if very apprehensive. These pollutants can cause damage to the growth, reproduction, and immunity of dolphins. Since the mid-1990s, hundreds of dolphins have been trained to perform at performances presented by aquariums, zoos and amusement parks. Scientists undertake various types of research to understand the dolphin communication system.
Man-made perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) can harm the immune system of bottlenose dolphins. PFOS affects the immune system of male rats at a concentration of 91.5 ppb, while PFOS has been reported in bottlenose dolphins over 1 ppm. High levels of metal contaminants have been measured in tissues in many regions of the world. A new study found levels of cadmium and mercury in the bottle nose dolphins of South Australia, a level later found to be associated with renal malformations, suggests the possible health effects of high concentrations of heavy metals in dolphins.
Preservation
Bottlenose dolphins are not endangered. Their future is stable because of their abundance and adaptability. However, certain populations are threatened due to various environmental changes. The population at Moray Firth in Scotland is estimated to consist of about 190 individuals, and is under threat from harassment, traumatic injury, water pollution and reduced food availability. Similarly, the isolated population at Doubtful Sound, New Zealand, is experiencing a decline due to the loss of calves by chance due to the increase of freshwater discharge to the fjord. Less local climate change, such as an increase in water temperature, can also play a role but never proves to be the case. One of the largest coastal populations of bottlenose dolphins in Shark Bay, Western Australia is estimated to be stable with slight variations in mortality over time (Manlik et al. 2016).
In US waters, hunting and harassing marine mammals are banned in almost all circumstances, from the passage of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972.
See also
- Unihemispheric slow-wave sleep
- Audiogram in a mammal
- Cetacean Intelligence
- Dolphinarium
- Common bottlenose dolphins
Footnote
References
Further reading
-
Berrow, S.D. (2009). "The winter distribution of bottle-nosed dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus (Montagu)) at Inner Shannon Estuary" (PDF) . Irish Naturalist Journal . 30 (1): 35-39. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2011.
- Hale, P.T., Barreto, U.S. and Ross, G.J.B (2000). "Comparison of morphology and distribution of aduncus and truncatus form of bottlenose bottlenose bottlenose bottoms in the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans" (PDF) . aquatic Mammals . 26 (2): 101-110. Ã, CS1 maint: Using author parameters (links) Ã, - Discuss features that distinguish between species of Lumba- Bottlenose dolphin
- Reiss D, Marino L (2001). "Mirror self-confession in bottle nose dolphins: case of cognitive convergence". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States . 98 (10): 5937-5942. Bibcode: 2001PNAS... 98.5937R. doi: 10.1073/pnas.101086398. PMC 33317 . PMID 11331768.
External links
- Sound in the Sound of the Sea and Videos about the Plumbing Dolphin
- Tropical Dolphin Research Foundation
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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