Aneurysmal bone cyst , abbreviated ABC , is an osteolytic bone neoplasm characterized by some blood like a sponge or a filled serum, generally non-endothelial space of various diameters.
This term is wrong, because the lesion is not an aneurysm or a cyst.
Video Aneurysmal bone cyst
Signs and symptoms
The person suffering may have a relatively small pain that will rapidly increase the severity over a 6-12 week period. The skin temperature around the bone may increase, bony swelling may be noticeable, and movement may be limited to adjacent joints.
Spinal lesions may cause quadriplegia and patients with skull lesions may experience headaches.
Site
Sites that are often affected are metaphysical vertebrae, flat bones, femur and tibia. The approximate percentage by site is as shown:
- Skull and lower jaw (4%)
- Spine (16%)
- Clavicle and rib (5%)
- Upper extremity (21%)
- Pelvis and sacrum (12%)
- Femur (13%)
- Bottom leg (24%)
- Leg (3%)
Maps Aneurysmal bone cyst
Cause
Aneurysm bone cysts have been widely regarded as a reactive process of uncertain causes since the initial description by Jaffe and Lichtenstein in 1942. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the cause and pathogenesis of aneurysm bone cysts, and until recently the most commonly accepted idea is that aneurysm bone cysts are a consequence of increased venous pressure and the resulting widening and rupture of local vascular tissue. However, a study by Panoutsakopoulus et al. and Oliveira et al. discloses the clonal neoplastic nature of aneurysm bone cysts. The main cause has been considered arteriovenous fistula inside the bone.
Lesions may arise de novo or may appear secondary to existing bone tumors, because abnormal bone causes hemodynamic changes. Aneurysm bone cysts may arise from pre-existing chondroblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma, osteoblastoma, giant cell tumor, or fibrous dysplasia. Giant cell tumors are the most common cause, occurring in 19% to 39% of cases. Less often, it results from some malignant tumors, such as osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and hemangioendothelioma.
Pathology
Histologically, they are classified in two variants.
- The classical (or standard) shape (95%) has blood that fills the gap between the bone trabeculae. The osteoid tissue is found in the stromal matrix.
- Solid form (5%) indicates fibroblastic proliferation, osteoid production and degeneration of calcified fibromyxoid elements.
According to Buraczewski and Dabska, the development of aneurysm bone cysts follows three stages.
They can also be attributed to the translocation of TRE17 / USP6 .
Aneurysm bone cysts may be intraosseous, living in the bone marrow. Or they may be extraosseous, developing on the surface of the bone, and extending into the marrow. Radiography will reveal the appearance of soap bubbles.
Diagnosis
On radiography, well-defined lesions, lesions, and lytic are observed. The expansion of the cortex makes a lesion like a balloon. Larger lesions may appear septated
Differential diagnosis
The following conditions are excluded before the diagnosis can be confirmed:
- Unicameral bone cyst
- Giant cell tumor
- osteosarcoma telangiectasis
- Secondary aneurysm bone cyst
Treatment
Curettage is performed in some patients, and sufficient for inactive lesions. Recurrence rates with significant curettage in active lesions, and marginal resection have been suggested. Liquid nitrogen, phenol, methyl methacrylate are thought to be used to kill cells in the resected cyst margins.
Prognosis
The recurrence rate of the tumor solid form is lower than the classical form.
Epidemiology
This is common in the 10-30 year age group. It is the second most common tumor of the spine and the most common benign tumor in the pediatric population. Incidence is slightly more in males than females (1.3: 1).
Additional images
See also
- Simple bone cyst (SBC)
- Giant cell tumor bone
- Traumatic bone cyst
References
External links
- Bonetumor.org
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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