Allotransplant ( allo - meaning "other" in Greek) is a transplant of cells, tissues, or organs, to recipients of a genetic non-identical donor of the same species. This transplant is called allograft , allogenic transplant , or homograft . Most human tissue and transplant organs are allografts.
This contrasts with autotransplantation (from one part of the body to another in the same person), a syngeneic transplant (a transplant transplanted between two genetically identical individuals of the same species) and xenotransplantation (of other species).
Allografts can be referred to as "homostatics" if biologically inert when transplanted, such as bone and cartilage.
The immune response to an allograft or xenograft is called rejection. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation can produce an immune attack, called graft-versus-host disease.
Video Allotransplantation
Prosedur
Material is obtained from the donor who is a living person, or the body of the deceased who receives mechanical or ventilatory support, or the body of the deceased whose heart stops beating. Screening for pathologies and risk factors for infectious diseases such as HIV and Hepatitis B and C was then performed.
In the US, donor networks must be restored and processed in accordance with the current Good Network Practices rules. In most cases, it is sent to network banks for processing and distribution. Each year, the Food and Drug Administration is set up and the American Association of Tissue Banks accredited network banks distribute 1.5 million bones and network allografts.
Maps Allotransplantation
Transplanted organs and tissue
Various organs and tissues can be used for allografts, including:
- Repair anterior cruciate (ACL)
- Reconstruction together at knee and ankle
- Meniscal replacement
- Reconstruction due to cancer or trauma
- Ridge augmentation in dental procedures
- Shoulder improvement
- Merge of the spine
- Urine procedure
- Skin transplant
- Corneal transplant
- Heart transplant
- Heart valve
- Lung transplantation
- Intestinal transplant (isolated, intestinal & liver, multivisceral bowel)
- Liver transplant
- Kidney transplant
- Pancreatic transplant
- Islet cell transplant
- Bone marrow transplantation
- Allograft bone
- Ligament or tendon allograft
Legal and regulatory
In the US, the Federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has set up human tissue intended for transplantation since 1993. To ensure the quality of donor networks and reduce the risk of transmission and transmission of disease, three regulations address manufacturing activities related to human cells, tissues, and network and mobile-based products (HCT/Ps) was announced in May 2005: The first requires companies to produce and distribute HCT/Ps to register with the FDA. The second, called the "Donor Eligibility" rule, sets out the criteria for donor eligibility. Thirdly, the "Good Network Practices" rule, oversees the overall processing and distribution practices of each company.
Other transplant options
- Autograft, the network is transplanted from one site to another in the same patient. Autograft reduces the risk of rejection but requires a second operating site, adding to pain, risk, and possibly long after treatment.
- Xenograft, transplant from another species
- Isograft, transplanted from a genetically identical donor, such as identical twins.
- Synthetic and metal implants. Unlike allografts, such grafts are not part of the body.
Risk
Like many operations, allotransplantation also has some side effects. The limiting factor in tissue allotransplantation for reconstructive surgery is related to the side effects of immunosuppression (metabolic disorders, malignancy, opportunistic infections) which is a major problem. Also, it can not be forgotten that the risk of transmission of infection is very high.
See also
- Allograft's disease
- Medical connection
References
External links
- http://www.aatb.org/files/safetyoftissuetransplants.pdf
- https://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/tissueTransplantsFAQ.html#top
- http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/TissueTissueProducts/default.htm
- http://www.organdonor.gov/donor/registry.shtm (How to sign up to be a donor in the US)
- Allogeneic stem cell transplant entry in the public domain NCI Cancer Terminal Dictionary
- allogenic bone marrow transplant entries in the public domain NCI Cancer Term Dictionary
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments