toothbrush is an oral hygiene instrument used to clean teeth, gums, and tongue. It consists of a hard jagged head - above a toothpaste that should be mounted on the handle that facilitates the clearing of hard-to-reach mouth areas.
Toothbrush is available with a variety of textures of fur, size, and shape. Most dentists recommend the use of a soft toothbrush because a rough toothbrush can damage tooth enamel and irritate the gums.
Video Toothbrush
History
Before the invention of toothbrush, various oral hygiene measures had been used. This has been verified by excavations where chewing sticks, tree branches, bird feathers, animal bones and a hedgehog spines are found.
The predecessor of a toothbrush is a chewing stick. Turmeric stalks are twigs with frayed edges used to brush teeth while the other end is used as a toothpick. The earliest chewing stick was found in the Mesopotamian Sumer in 3500 BC, an Egyptian tomb dating from 3000 BC, and mentioned in Chinese records dating from 1600 BC. The Greeks and Romans used toothpicks to clean their teeth and toothpicks like twigs dug in the tomb of the Qin Dynasty. Chewing sticks remain common in Africa in South and South American countryside and in the Islamic world the use of chewing stick of Miswak is considered a pious act and has been prescribed for use before every five daily prayers. Miswaks have been used by Muslims since the 7th century.
Modern toothbrush comes from China. The first toothbrush that resembles modern teeth is found in China. Used during the Tang Dynasty (619-907), it consists of sea urchins. The feathers come from pigs that live in Siberia and northern China because the cooler temperatures provide faster feathers. They attach to the handle made of bamboo or bone, forming a toothbrush. In 1223, the master of Japanese Zen D? Kigen Gene recorded on Sh? B? Genz? that he saw the monks in China cleaning their teeth with a brush made out of horsetail hair attached to the clavicle grip. The hairy toothbrush spread to Europe, brought from China to Europe by tourists. It was adopted in Europe during the 17th century. The earliest known toothbrush usage in English is in Anthony Wood's autobiography writing in 1690 that he bought a toothbrush from J. Barret. Europeans find toothbrushes imported from China are too hard and preferably toothbrush toothbrushes. Mass-produced toothbrushes with horses or wild pigs continued to be imported into Britain from China until the mid-20th century.
In Europe, William Addis of Britain is believed to have produced the first mass-produced toothbrush produced in 1780. In 1770, he was imprisoned for causing riots. While in prison he decided that using a cloth with soot and salt on his teeth was ineffective and could be repaired. After storing a small bone of food, he drilled a small hole into the bone and tied it into the feather files he had obtained from one of the guards, passing through the bundles of fur through the holes in the bone and sealing the holes with glue. After his release, he became rich after starting a toothbrush manufacturing business. He died in 1808, leaving the business to his eldest son. It remained in family ownership until 1996. With the name of the youngest toothbrush, the company now produces 70 million toothbrushes per year in the UK. In 1840 the toothbrush was being mass produced in England, France, Germany, and Japan. The sea urchins are used for toothbrushes and cheaper badger hair for the more expensive ones.
The first patent for toothbrush was given to HN Wadsworth in 1857 (US Patent No. 18653) in the United States, but mass production in the United States did not begin until 1885. The enhanced design had a bony handle with bored holes into it for Siberian wild boar. Unfortunately, animal fur is not an ideal material because it retains bacteria, does not dry out efficiently and its feathers often escape the fixed insertion in question. In addition to bone, the handle is made of wood or ivory. In the United States, toothbrushing did not become routine until after World War II, when American soldiers had to clean their teeth every day.
During the 1900s, celluloid gradually replaced the bone handle. Natural fur is also replaced by synthetic fibers, usually nylon, by DuPont in 1938. The first nylon toothbrush made with nylon thread went on sale on February 24, 1938. The first electric toothbrush, Broxodent, was invented in Switzerland in 1954 At the turn of 21st century nylon has been widely used for feathers and handles typically formed from thermoplastic materials.
Johnson & amp; Johnson, a leading medical supply company, introduced the "Reach" toothbrush in 1977. This differs from previous toothbrushes in three ways: it has a tilted head, similar to a dental instrument, to reach the back teeth; its feathers are concentrated more densely than usual to clean each tooth of potentially cariogenic ingredients (causal cavities); and the outer fur is longer and softer than the hair in to clean the teeth better . Other manufacturers are soon followed by other designs that aim to increase effectiveness. Apart from the changes with the number of tassels and distances, the shape of the handle and the design, the feathers are still straight and difficult to maneuver. In 1978 Dr. George C. Collis developed Collis Curve toothbrush which is the first toothbrush that has curved fur. The fur is curved along the arch of the tooth and safely reaches between the teeth and into the sulcular area.
In January 2003, toothbrushes were chosen as the number one discovery that Americans can not live without according to Lemelson-MIT's Invention Index.
Maps Toothbrush
Type of toothbrush
Electric toothbrush
It has been found that compared to manual brushes, multi-directional brushes can reduce the incidence of gingivitis and plaque, when compared with side-to-side brushing on a regular basis. This brush tends to be more expensive. An electric toothbrush does the rotation of its fur and clears hard to reach the spot. Most studies report an equivalent appearance of a manual brush, possibly with a decrease in plaque and gingivitis although the electric version can be more comfortable. Timers and additional pressure sensors can encourage a more efficient cleaning process. Electric toothbrushes can be classified according to their speed of movement such as a standard electric toothbrush, a sonic toothbrush, or an ultrasonic toothbrush. Every electric toothbrush is technically an electric toothbrush. If the toothbrush movement is fast enough to produce a buzz within the audible frequency range (20 Hz to 20,000 Hz), it can be classified as a sonic toothbrush. Electric toothbrush with movement faster than this limit can be classified as an ultrasonic toothbrush. Specific ultrasonic toothbrushes, such as Megasonex and Ultreo, have sonic and ultrasonic movements.
Interdental brush
Interdental or interproximal brush ("proxy") is a small, usually disposable brush, supplied with a sloping plastic handle or an integral grip, used to clean between teeth and between braces of teeth and teeth.
The use of an interdental brush in conjunction with tooth brushing has been shown to reduce both the amount of plaque and the incidence of gingivitis when compared with brushing alone. Although there is some evidence that after brushing with conventional toothbrushes, interdental brushes remove more plaque than dental floss, a systematic review reported insufficient evidence to determine such relationships.
The size of the interdental brush is standardized in ISO 16409. The brush size, which is the number between 0 (small space between the teeth) and 8 (large space), shows the diameter of the hole path . This corresponds to the space between two teeth which is enough for the brush to pass through without bending the wire. Brush color differs between manufacturers. Same with wire diameter.
Sulcabrush
Sulcabrush is a type of toothbrush that is used specifically to clean along the gum line adjacent to the tooth. The feathers are usually formed in a pointed arrow pattern to allow for a closer adaptation to the gums. Sulcabrush is ideal for clearing areas that are difficult to reach specific, such as between crowns, bridgework and overcrowded teeth. The final tufted brush can also be used around fixed orthodontic appliances, such as braces.
End-tuft brush
The small round brush head consists of seven tassels of soft, soft nylon fur, cut so that the feathers in the center can reach deeper into the small spaces. The brush handle is ergonomically designed for a firm grip, providing the necessary control and accuracy to clean where most other cleaning tools can not be reached. These areas include posterior wisdom teeth (third molars), orthodontic structures (braces), dense teeth, and tooth surfaces adjacent to missing teeth. It can also be used to clean the area around implants, bridges, dentures and other equipment.
Chewing toothbrush
Chewable toothbrush is a miniature plastic toothbrush that can be placed inside the mouth. Although not commonly used they are useful to travelers and sometimes available from bathroom vending machines. They are available in different flavors such as mint or chewing gum and should be discarded after use. Other types of disposable toothbrushes include those which contain tiny plastic balls of toothpaste that break easily in the fur, which can be used without water.
Ecological toothbrush
Generally, toothbrushes are made of plastic. Such brushes are a source of pollution. To reduce environmental impact, some manufacturers switch to using biodegradable materials and/or using replaceable heads. To avoid plastic altogether alternative toothbrushes offered consist of wooden handle (often bamboo) and fur from bamboo viscose or sea urchin.
Dental toothbrush
Teeth can be damaged by several factors including poor oral hygiene, but also by improper oral hygiene. Especially for sensitive teeth, dentin and gum damage can be prevented by several measures including proper brushing techniques.
This is useful, when using a straight feathered brush, not rubbing horizontally over the neck of the tooth, not pressing the brush too hard on the teeth, choosing a less abrasive toothpaste, and waiting at least 30 minutes after consumption of acidic food or drink before brushing. The discovery of a curved toothbrush Collis CurveTM allows a simplified simultaneous brushing technique described specifically for this brush. "The curved fur rotates on its axis and slips into the sulcus as far as the junctional epithelium without tearing it." A harder toothbrush reduces plaque more efficiently but over presses teeth and gums; using a soft to medium toothbrush for longer cleaning times is rated as the best compromise between cleaning and gum and dental hygiene.
A study by University College London found that advice on the brushing technique and frequency given by 10 national dental associations, toothpaste and toothbrush companies, and in tooth text books is inconsistent.
Hygiene and care
- It is not advisable to share a toothbrush with another because in addition to general health problems there is a risk of transmission of diseases normally transmitted by blood, such as Hepatitis C.
- After use, it is advisable to rinse the toothbrush with water, shake it, and leave the toothbrush dry.
- Toothbrush, wet and worn toothbrushes cause a decrease in cleaning efficiency. It is therefore advisable to change it for a new one when it seems to be out of date (approximately after 6-16 weeks).
References
External links
- American Dental Association Statement on Brushing Teeth
- BBC h2g2 History of Toothpaste and Toothbrush
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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