Pigeon toe

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Pigeon toe , also known as in-toeing , is a condition that causes the toes to move inward while walking. This is most common in infants and children under two years of age and, when not the result of simple muscle weakness, usually arises from underlying conditions, such as twisted spine or excessive anteversion (the femoral head is more than 15 Â ° from angle of torque) so as to rotate the femur when the front of one's foot enter.

Severe cases are considered to be the form of clubfoot.

Video Pigeon toe

Cause

The cause of in-toeing can be distinguished by disalignment location. The variants are:

• Curved legs (metatarsus adductus)
• Twisted shin (tibial torsion)
• Spine fracture thigh (femoral anteversion)

Metatarsus Adductus

The most common form of ending pigeon, when the legs bend inward from the center of the foot to the toes.

Tibial Torsion

The tibia or lower limbs slightly or deeply twist inward while walking or standing.

Femoral Anteversion

Thigh or thighs rotate inward while walking.

Maps Pigeon toe

Diagnosis

Pigeon toe can be diagnosed by a physical examination only. This can classify the deformity as "flexible", when the foot can be straightened by hand, or "inflexible". However, X-rays are often performed in cases of inflexible toe pigeons. In X-rays, the severity of the condition can be measured by "metatarsus adductus angle", which is the angle between the direction of the metatarsal bone compared with the lower tarsus (cuneiforms, cuboid and navicular bone). Many variants of this measurement exist, but the Sgarlato Angle has been found to have at least a favorable correlation with other measurements. The corner of Sgarlato is defined as the angle between:

• A line through the longitudinal axis of the second metatarsal bone.
• The longitudinal axis of the lower tarsal bone. For this purpose, a line is drawn between the lateral border of the 4th tarsometatarsal joint and the calcaneocuboid joint, and another line drawn between the medial boundary of the talonavicular joint and the first tarsometatarsal joint. The transverse axis is defined as crossing the center line, and therefore the longitudinal axis is perpendicular to this axis.

This angle is usually up to 15 Â °, and the increased angle indicates pigeon feet. However, it becomes more difficult to conclude joint sites in younger children due to incomplete bone hardening, especially when younger than 3-4 years.

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Treatment

In those younger than eight years with simple chimp and minor symptoms, no special care is required.

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See also

• Kakap foot

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References

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External links

• UK information from Oxford NHS Trust Hospital
• Metatarsus Adductus on POSNA - The Pediatric Orthopedic Society of North America

Source of the article : Wikipedia