A mug is the type of cup normally used for drinking hot drinks, such as coffee, hot chocolate, soup, or tea. Mugs usually have a handle and have a greater amount of liquid than other types of cups. Usually the cup contains about 8-12 ounces of liquid US (350ml) fluid; doubled the tea cup. Mugs are a less formal style of beverage containers and are usually not used in formal places, where tea cups or coffee cups are preferred. Shaving mugs are used to aid in wet shaving.
Ancient mugs are usually carved in wood or bone, or clay-shaped, while the most modern ones are made of ceramic materials such as bone china, pottery, porcelain, or stoneware. Some are made of reinforced glass, such as Pyrex. Other materials, including enameled, plastic, or steel are preferred, when reducing the weight or resistance to damage to the premium, such as for camping. A travel mug is isolated and has a cover with a small inhaled opening to prevent spills. Techniques such as silk screen printing or decals are used to apply decorations such as logos or images, which are fired into mugs to ensure immortality.
Video Mug
Histori
Mug awal
Wooden mugs are produced probably from the longest time, but most of them do not survive intact.
The first pottery is formed by hand and then facilitated by the discovery of the pottery wheel (unknown date, between 6,500 and 3,000 BC). It's relatively easy to add a handle to the mug in the process thus generating a mug. For example, more sophisticated clay mugs and decorated since 4000-5000 BC are found in Greece.
The biggest disadvantage of these clay cups is the thick walls that are not fit for the mouth. The walls are thinned with the development of metalworking techniques. Metal mugs are produced from bronze, silver, gold, and even lead, starting from about 2000 BC, but difficult to use with hot drinks.
The discovery of about 600 CE porcelain in China brings a new era of thin-walled mugs that are suitable both for cold and hot liquids, which are enjoyed today.
Shave mugs and scuttles
Scissors and shaving cups were developed around the 19th century; the first patent for a shaving cup dated 1867. Since hot water is not common in many households, one way to provide hot foam is to use a scuttle or mug. Traditional traps resemble a jug with a wide spout where hot water is poured; this is a different place from a shaving cup, which does not have a spout. Both shaved shavings and mugs usually have a handle, but some do not have it. Shaving mugs often look like a standard mug, however, some also have a brush built up, so the brush does not sit on the foam. The modern version of the snares in production is limited, usually by independent craftsmen working in small volumes.
At the top of the trap or cup is a place of soap. Traditionally, it is used with hard blocks of shaving soap (rather than a mild soap or cream) and therefore has a drain hole at the bottom. Then, spreads and cups do not include holes, and thus can be used with cream and soft soap. Some slippers and cups have a concentric circle at the bottom, which holds some water so that it helps build up the foam.
In use, the shaving brush is immersed in a wide spout, allowing it to seep into the water and heat up. Soap is placed in soap place. When needed, one can take a brush and brush it onto the soap, bring up a layer of foam; excess water is dried again. This allows the preservation of water and soap, while maintaining sufficient heat to ensure a long shave.
Tiki Mug
Tiki mugs, tin boats are usually made of ceramics, derived from medieval tropical themed restaurants and tiki bars. The term "Tiki mug" is a generic term, a blanket for a sculptural beverage depicting the image of Melanesia, Micronesia, or Polynesia, and more recently anything tropical or related to surfing. Often sold as a souvenir, tiki mugs are very easy to collect. Modern manufacturers include Muntiki and Tiki Farm. Individual artists, such as Van Tiki, also produce handmade, one-of-a-kind handmade mugs.
Travel mug
mugs (introduced in the 1980s) generally use thermal insulation properties to transport hot or cold liquids. Similar to vacuum tubes, travel mugs are usually well insulated and fully enclosed to prevent spills or leaks, but will generally have a cover on the cover where contents can be consumed during transport without spillage. As the main mechanism by which heat (not warm) drinks lose heat evaporation of the lid, even the thin one plastic as used on disposable coffee cups that do heat fast enough, also serve an important role in keeping hot drinks.
Mugs with inner and outer walls, but not vacuum treated, generally called double wall mugs. Usually stainless steel will be used for inner wall while the outer wall can be stainless steel, plastic, or even embedded with other materials.
Mugs designed for use while driving are called auto mugs or commuter mugs, as they allow users to enjoy a drink while driving. The travel mugs have a spill resistant cover with the inhalation opening and in most cases, the base is narrower, so they will fit into the cup-holder built into many vehicles. Additional criteria for evaluating auto mugs include: they should be easily opened with one hand (to prevent disruption while driving), including charging lines (to prevent overloading, contribute to leakage), preferably not having an easier (unattachable) mug to be taken while driving), should not impede the driver's view of the road when he is drinking, and - with regard to cup-holders may fit, stable, into various mug holders.
Maps Mug
Other types of mugs
Entertainment mug
The whistle mug or hubblebubble is a entertainment game. It has a hollow grip that can be blown through a cup like a whistle. With empty cups, only one tone is emitted, while the filled cup produces melodic teeth and sounds of war.
Puzzle mug
Mug puzzles are mugs that have some tricks preventing normal operation. One example is a mug with many holes at the edges, making it impossible to drink in the usual way. Although it is tempting to understand the body of the cup covering the visible hole and drinking liquid in the usual way, it will pour the liquid through a hidden perforation near the top of the glass. The solution is to cover the holes in the rim by hand, but to drink not through the top, but through the "secret" hole in the hollow handle.
A puzzle mug called misty cups consists of three cups connected through walls and their handles. The inner holes of mug walls are designed in such a way that the cups should be emptied in a unique sequence, or they will flow.
The Pythagorean cup (see picture) contains a small siphon hidden in a rod placed at the center of the mug. The cup is filled with liquid if it is filled below the height of the stem, but after it is filled above that level, it dries all the liquid through siphon to the hole at the bottom.
Thermochromic mug
The thermochromic mug changes its appearance when the hot beverage is poured into it.
General design and function
Most mug designs aim at thermal insulation: thick walls of mugs, compared to thinner tea cup walls, isolate drinks to prevent them from cooling or heating up quickly. The bottom of the mug is often uneven, but concave or has an additional rim, to reduce the thermal contact to the surface where the mug is placed. These features often leave distinctive circular stains on the surface. Finally, the cup hold away from the hot sides of the cup. The small cross section of the handle reduces the heat flow between the liquid and the hand. For the same reason of thermal insulation, mugs are usually made of materials with low thermal conductivity, such as pottery, bone china, porcelain, or glass.
Decorations
As desktop goods are everywhere, mugs are often used as art objects or advertisements; some mugs are more decorative than drinking vessels. Engraving has been traditionally applied to mugs in ancient times. Changing the shape of the mug into an unusual shape is sometimes used. However, the most popular decorating technique today is printing on mugs, which are usually done as follows: Ceramic powder is mixed with color choice dyes and plasticizer. Then printed on gelatin coated paper using a traditional screen-printing technique, which implements the mixture through a woven fine webbing, stretched on a frame and has a desired shape mask. This technique produces a thin homogeneous layer; However, if smoothness is not needed, the ceramic mixture is painted directly with the brush. A more complex alternative is to coat the paper with photographic emulsion, photograph the image and then heal the emulsion with ultraviolet light.
Once dry, printed paper, called litho, can be stored indefinitely. When litho is applied to the mug, it is first softened in warm water. It releases the gelatin cover, with the printed image, from the paper; The cover is then moved to the cup. The mug is then fired about 700-750 ° C, which softens the upper surface of the glaze, thus embedding the image into it.
Storage
A popular way to store mugs is on 'tree mugs', wooden or metal poles mounted on a round base and fitted with pegs for hanging cups with their handles. There is also a rack designed to hang the cup so it is ready to use. They are very useful on ships in high waves.
In science
Mugs serve as one of the most popular examples of homeomorphism in topology. Two objects are homeomorphic if one can change shape to another without cutting or pasting. Thus in the topology, the mug is the homeomorphic equivalent to the donut (torus) because it can be rebuilt into a donut by continuous deformation, without cutting, breaking, punching or puncture. Another topological example is a mug with two handles, which is equivalent to a double torus - an object that resembles a number 8. A cup without a handle, ie a bowl or a glass of chemistry, is topologically equivalent to a plate, which is quite obvious when a crude clay bowl is leveled on a wheel pottery.
Gallery
See also
- Beer glass
- Whisker trophy, vessel with modification to facilitate easier to drink hot beverage
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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