The Fairy Tales Grimms , originally known as Children and House Stories (German: Kinder- und HausmÃÆ'¤rchen ), is a collection of fairy tales by the brothers Grimm or "Brother Grimm", Jacob and Wilhelm, first published on December 20, 1812. The first edition contains 86 stories, and the seventh edition in 1857, has 211 unique tales.
Video Grimms' Fairy Tales
Origin
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm are two of the nine children of their mother Dorothea (NÃÆ' Â © e Zimmer) and the father of Philipp Wilhelm Grimm. Philipp is a highly respected district judge in Steinau, near Kassel. Jacob and Wilhelm were sent to school for classical education after they grew up, while their father worked. They are very hard-working students throughout their education. They follow in their father's footsteps and start pursuing a law degree. However, in 1796, their father died at the age of 44 years due to pneumonia. This is a tragic moment for the Grimms because the family loses all financial support and rely on their aunt, Henriette Zimmer, and grandfather, Johanne Hermann Zimmer. At the age of 11, Jacob was forced to become the head of the household and provide for his family. After tearing down their home for financial reasons, Henriette sent Jacob and Wilhelm to study at the prestigious high school, Lyzeum, in Kassel. At school, their grandfather wrote to them saying that because of their current situation, they need to apply themselves diligently to ensure their future well-being.
Not long after attending Lyzeum, their beloved grandfather died and they were again left alone to support their family in the future. The two became very eager to be the best students in the Lyzeum, as they wanted to live with their deceased father. They learn more than twelve hours a day and form similar work habits. They also share the same bed and room at school. After four years of rigorous schooling, Jacob graduated from his class in 1802. Wilhelm suffered from asthma and dengue, which delayed his graduation for a year even though he was also the head of his class. Both were given a special dispensation to study law at the University of Marburg. They desperately need this dispensation because their social status at that time is not high enough to enter normally. The University of Marburg is a small, 200-person university where most students are more interested in activities than schools. Most students receive benefits even though they are the richest in the state. The Grimm did not receive any benefits because of their social status; However, they are not disappointed because it keeps distracting.
Jacob was first lectured at university and showed proof of his hard work ethic and his quick acumen. When Wilhelm joined Jacob at the university, Jacob gained a reputation for him and attracted the attention of Professor Friedrich Carl von Savigny. Professor Friedrich Carl von Savigny
Professor Friedrich Carl von Savigny
Professor Friedrich Carl von Savigny is the founder of his historic law school. It becomes a great personal and professional influence on the brethren. Throughout their time at the university, the brothers became quite close to Savigny and could use his personal library when they became very interested in German law, history, and folklore. Savigny asks Jacob to join him in Paris as an assistant and Jacob goes with him for a year. When he left, Wilhelm became very interested in German literature and began collecting books. As soon as Jacob returned to Kassel in 1806, he decided to stop studying law and instead spent his full efforts on German literature. When Jacob studied literature and took care of his brothers, Wilhelm received a law degree in Marburg.
In 1808, their mother died and it was very hard for Jacob because he took a position in the family as a father figure, while also trying to be a brother. From 1806 to 1810, the Grimm family had enough money to feed and dress properly. During this time, Jacob and Wilhelm worried about the stability of the family and began collecting folklore.
Achim von Arnim and Clemens Brentano are good friends of the brothers and want to publish folk tales, so they ask the brothers to collect oral tales for publication. The Grimm collect many old books and ask friends and acquaintances in Kassel to tell stories and gather stories from others. Jacob and Wilhelm tried to gather these stories to write the history of ancient German Poesie and preserve history.
Maps Grimms' Fairy Tales
Composition
The first volume of the first edition was published in 1812, containing 86 stories; the second volume of 70 stories followed in 1815. For the second edition, two volumes were issued in 1819 and the third in 1822, for a total of 170 stories. The third edition appeared in 1837; fourth edition, 1840; fifth edition, 1843; sixth edition, 1850; seventh edition, 1857. Stories were added, and also reduced, from one edition to the next, to the seventh containing 211 stories. All editions are illustrated widely, first by Philipp Grot Johann and, after his death in 1892, by the German illustrator Robert Leinweber.
The first volume is heavily criticized because, even though they are called "Children's Tales", they are not considered suitable for children, both for the incorporated scientific information and the subject matter. Many changes through editions - such as changing the evil mother of the first edition on Snow White and Hansel and Gretel (shown in the original Grimm story as HÃÆ'¤nsel and Grethel) to the stepmother, may be made with the eye for such suitability. They remove sexual references - like Rapunzel innocently asks why her dress is getting tight around her stomach, and so naively reveals to witch Dame Gothel her pregnancy and prince visit - but, in many ways, violence, especially when punishing criminals. , improved.
In 1825, the Brothers published their Kleine Ausgabe or "small edition", a 50-story option designed for children's readers. This version of the boys passed ten editions between 1825 and 1858.
Popularity
The original intention of the siblings of their first book, Children and Household Stories, is to set a name for themselves in the world. After the first book was published in 1812, they began their second volume, German Legends, published in 1818. The book that started their international success was not their story, but Jacob's publication of German Grammar in 1819. This was a year after their publication of the German Legend . In 1830, Jacob became professor at the University of GÃÆ'¶ttingen and shortly thereafter, in 1835, Wilhelm also became a professor. During these years Jacob wrote the third volume of German Grammar and Wilhelm prepared a third revision of Children and Household Stories .
In 1837, King Ernst II August withdrew the constitution of 1833 and sought to restore absolutism to the Kingdom of Hannover. Since GÃÆ'¶ttingen is part of Hannover, the brothers are expected to take the oath of allegiance. However, brothers and five other professors are leading the protest against this and strongly supported by the student body because all of these professors are well known. Jacob left GÃÆ'¶ttingen immediately and Wilhelm followed him a few months later back to Kassel.
In Kassel, the Grimm devote themselves to researching and learning. A close friend of theirs, Bettina von Arnim, is also a gifted writer. Savigny and others convinced the Prussian King, Friedrich Wilhelm IV, to allow the brothers to teach and conduct research at the University of Berlin. In March 1841, the brothers did this and also continued to work on German Dictionary .
Influence
The influence of these books is widespread. W. H. Auden praised the collection during World War II as one of the founders' works of Western culture. The tales themselves are widely used. Hitler praised them as folk tales showing children with racial instincts seeking racial couples who were so racial, so powerful that the Allied forces warned them; for example, Cinderella with a heroine as a pure race, stepmother as an alien, and a prince with a pure instinct capable of discerning. Writers who have written about the Holocaust have combined stories with their memoirs, such as Jane Yolen in his book Briar Rose .
The Grimm Brothers' work is influenced by other collectors, both of whom inspire them to collect fairy tales and lead them to believe, in the spirit of romantic nationalism, that a country's tales specifically represent it, to the neglect of cross-cultures. influence. Among those affected were Alexander Afanasyev of Russia, Norway Peter Christen AsbjÃÆ'¸rnsen and JÃÆ'¸rgen Moe, British Joseph Jacobs, and Jeremiah Curtin, an American who collected Irish stories. There is not always a happy reaction to their collection. Joseph Jacobs was partially inspired by his complaints that English children did not read English tales; with his own words, "What Perrault started, Grimms done".
Tiga karya individu Wilhelm Grimm termasuk Old German heroic songs, ballads and fairy tales ('Lagu-lagu Pahlawan Denmark Kuno, Balada, dan Folktales') pada tahun 1811, On German Runes ('On German Runes') pada tahun 1821, dan The German Heroic legend ('The German Heroic Saga') pada tahun 1829.
Grimm's anthology has been a source of inspiration for artists and composers. Arthur Rackham, Walter Crane, and Rie Cramer are among the artists who have created illustrations based on stories.
List of fairy tales
Internet Reproduction archives historic edition:
- edition
- 1916, translated by Ny. Edgar Lucas, illustrated by Arthur Rackham
- The 1920 edition is translated by Lucy Crane and illustrated by his brother, Walter Crane
- 1900 edition
- 1927 edition, illustrated by Rie Cramer and edited by Frances Jenkins Olcott
- edition of 1894, edited by Sarah E. Wiltse through "the process of purifying and eliminating... [will not] find stories with bad morals... evil motives, interposition of magic for the slacker and deceitful, cruel stepmother and father unnaturally entirely excluded, the editor has taken full liberty in bringing about certain changes in the phrase or plot required "
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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